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1. Which of the following best describes the purpose of conducting a root cause analysis after a security incident?
2. Which of the following best exemplifies the principle of Privacy by Design?
3. Which of the following best describes the term "Third-Party Risk"?
4. Which of the following is the most effective way to prevent SQL injection attacks?
5. What is the main difference between hashing and encryption?
6. Which of the following technologies can be used to detect unauthorized devices on a network through passive monitoring and analysis of network traffic?
7. Which of the following is the primary goal of Software Composition Analysis (SCA) in secure development?
8. Which of the following scenarios is an example of a Man-in-the-Middle (MitM) attack?
9. Which of the following is an appropriate detective control to monitor employee behavior within an organization?
10. What is the primary advantage of conducting tabletop exercises in an organization's incident response program?
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11. Which principle of secure design emphasizes the need for a system to continue operating correctly even when components fail?
12. Which type of testing evaluates the performance of a system under extreme conditions?
13. Which of the following security controls is most effective in detecting unauthorized access to systems?
14. Which of the following network security mechanisms uses a combination of digital certificates and asymmetric cryptography to provide secure communications over an untrusted network?
15. Which of the following mechanisms is used to ensure that a user can be held accountable for their actions in an information system?
16. An employee in an organization has access to classified information. Which of the following BEST ensures that this information remains secure?
17. What is the function of a Certificate Authority (CA) in a Public Key Infrastructure (PKI)?
18. Which of the following disaster recovery strategies requires the longest time to become operational after a disaster?
19. What is the primary benefit of risk-based testing in security assessments?
20. What is the main advantage of using a Security Operations Center (SOC) in an organization?
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21. What is the primary purpose of a Data Loss Prevention (DLP) system?
22. What does the principle of "least privilege" entail in the context of asset security?
23. Which of the following is the best method to mitigate time-of-check to time-of-use (TOCTOU) vulnerabilities in software?
24. Which of the following best describes the purpose of asset inventory management?
25. Which of the following network topologies is most resilient to a single point of failure?
26. What is the primary security concern addressed by input validation in software applications?
27. Which of the following is a key feature of Static Application Security Testing (SAST)?
28. What is the primary security risk associated with the use of third-party libraries in software development?
29. What is the primary purpose of implementing a data leakage prevention (DLP) system?
30. What is an example of an attribute-based access control (ABAC) system?
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31. Which of the following is a primary purpose of implementing log retention policies in an organization?
32. Which testing method uses a known list of vulnerabilities to check a system's susceptibility?
33. In a software-defined network (SDN), which component is responsible for making centralized decisions about the flow of network traffic?
34. Which access control model is based on the job function of the user?
35. Which of the following best describes the concept of "data at rest" encryption?
36. Which type of attack is characterized by an attacker intercepting and potentially altering communication between two parties who believe they are directly communicating with each other?
37. What type of access control model uses rules that can include the attributes of users, resources, and the environment?
38. Which of the following techniques can prevent Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) attacks?
39. Why is it important to document security test procedures and results?
40. Which of the following is the best example of a security measure that can prevent Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) attacks?
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41. Which group causes the most risk of fraud and computer compromises?
42. Which of the following is an example of a physical control for asset security?
43. What security mechanism can be used to detect unauthorized changes to software and data?
44. Which of the following security capabilities is most directly associated with preventing eavesdropping on network communications?
45. What is the PRIMARY purpose of risk management in information security?
46. What does the concept of "Fail Secure" entail in security systems?
47. What is the purpose of implementing nonce values in web applications?
48. In the context of identity and access management, what does the term "provisioning" refer to?
49. How can false positives impact the effectiveness of security assessments?
50. In the context of risk management, what is the significance of "Risk Appetite" in determining an organization's security investment?
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51. Which of the following is the MOST secure method for disposing of paper records containing sensitive information?
52. Why is it important to conduct security tests in a controlled environment?
53. Jim wants to implement an access control scheme that will ensure that users cannot delegate access. He also wants to enforce access control at the operating system level. What access control mechanism best fits these requirements?
54. What is the most critical step to ensure the security of data when an employee leaves the organization?
55. Which of the following best describes log retention policies in security operations?
56. What is the purpose of a baseline in the context of security assessments?
57. Which of the following assessments focuses on the security practices of third-party vendors?
58. What is a primary security concern that can be mitigated by using secure coding practices?
59. Which type of access control model is based on the classification of data and clearance levels of users?
60. What principle ensures that a user only has access to the information and resources necessary for their role?
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61. Which of the following is a key component of a continuous monitoring program?
62. Which of the following best describes the term "Third-Party Risk"?
63. Which of the following best describes regression testing?
64. Which of the following best describes a "blue team" in a security testing context?
65. Which security assessment technique involves the examination of system configurations to identify weaknesses?
66. Which of the following technologies helps prevent ARP spoofing attacks?
67. Which advanced network security technique involves segmenting a network into smaller, isolated sections to prevent lateral movement of threats?
68. Which of the following is a characteristic of the Biba integrity model?
69. Which of the following is a characteristic of the BGP (Border Gateway Protocol) that makes it susceptible to routing attacks such as prefix hijacking?
70. Which of the following scenarios exemplifies a violation of data privacy principles?
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71. Which of the following is a primary security concern with virtualization technology?
72. In the context of risk management, what is the significance of "Risk Appetite" in determining an organization's security investment?
73. Which of the following best describes the concept of "separation of duties"?
74. Which of the following BEST describes the goal of a Risk Appetite Statement?
75. What is the main focus of a security policy review?
76. Which of the following is a primary function of a load balancer in a network?
77. Following a data breach that exposed sensitive customer information, what is the FIRST action an organization should take?
78. Your organization has identified a risk with a high impact but low likelihood. Which of the following is the MOST appropriate risk response?
79. Which of the following best describes a Zero Trust architecture?
80. Which of the following BEST describes the goal of a Risk Appetite Statement?
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81. Which of the following describes "Just-In-Time (JIT) provisioning"?
82. Which of the following describes threat modeling in secure software development?
83. Which secure coding practice is the most effective in preventing race conditions in multithreaded applications?
84. What is the main purpose of using a Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) in identity management?
85. Which of the following authentication factors is considered "something you have"?
86. Which of the following is a benefit of using a centralized identity and access management (IAM) system?
87. Which of the following actions is an example of a preventive control in security operations?
88. Which of the following controls would best help prevent collusion between employees in a critical process?
89. Which software development model involves iterative cycles of development and risk analysis?
90. In asset management, what is the difference between "owners" and "custodians"?
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91. A company is planning to expand its operations internationally and is concerned about the varied data protection laws in different countries. What is the most effective strategy for managing these legal and regulatory compliance risks?
92. What is the primary objective of implementing a Data Loss Prevention (DLP) solution in an organization?
93. What is the main goal of performing a security control assessment (SCA)?
94. What is the primary security benefit of using TLS over SSL for securing network communications?
95. What is the primary function of the Secure Shell (SSH) protocol?
96. Which of the following protocols supports multicast traffic in IPv6, enabling the efficient distribution of data to multiple destinations?
97. Which type of testing involves evaluating the security of an application by examining its source code?
98. What type of testing focuses on evaluating an application’s response to unexpected inputs or conditions?
99. Which of the following tools is primarily used for network scanning and vulnerability detection?
100. Which of the following BEST describes the purpose of risk analysis in an organization's security and risk management process?
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101. What is the purpose of an information retention policy?
102. Which of the following describes a warm site in disaster recovery planning?
103. What is the purpose of input sanitization in secure software development?
104. When Chris verifies an individual’s identity and adds a unique identifier like a user ID to an identity system, what process has occurred?
105. What is the primary role of an Access Control List (ACL) in an information system?
106. Which of the following is a key security risk when using open-source software components in an application?
107. Your organization has identified a risk with a high impact but low likelihood. Which of the following is the MOST appropriate risk response?
108. Which network protocol is designed to provide secure, authenticated communications for directory services, particularly in Microsoft Active Directory environments?
109. Which concept is essential for ensuring that a system can enforce and verify a security policy on data it processes?
110. Which of the following best describes the term "privacy by design"?
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111. What is the primary benefit of using biometric authentication methods?
112. What is the main difference between an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) and an Intrusion Prevention System (IPS)?
113. What is the main difference between qualitative and quantitative risk assessment?
114. What is the PRIMARY purpose of risk management in information security?
115. Which of the following practices helps prevent buffer overflow attacks?
116. A company is planning to expand its operations internationally and is concerned about the varied data protection laws in different countries. What is the most effective strategy for managing these legal and regulatory compliance risks?
117. Which of the following measures helps protect against Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) attacks?
118. What role does "Separation of Duties" play in information security?
119. Which of the following statements about a Business Continuity Plan (BCP) is correct?
120. Which group causes the most risk of fraud and computer compromises?
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121. Which of the following best describes an identity federation?
122. What is the PRIMARY purpose of implementing controls to protect intellectual property rights within an organization?
123. Which of the following best describes the purpose of risk management in an organization's security strategy?
124. In the context of secure asset disposal, which of the following statements is true about the method of cryptographic erasure?
125. What is the purpose of a configuration baseline in security operations?
126. What is the primary purpose of a Recovery Point Objective (RPO) in business continuity planning?
127. In the context of data lifecycle management, why is it important to securely delete data once it is no longer needed?
128. Which protocol is used to dynamically assign IP addresses to devices on a network?
129. What is the main advantage of using a Next-Generation Firewall (NGFW) over a traditional firewall?
130. Which protocol is primarily used to synchronize time across network devices?
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131. Which of the following BEST describes the purpose of risk analysis in an organization's security and risk management process?
132. What is the purpose of implementing a honeypot in a network?
133. What is the main focus of a red team in security testing?
134. In access control models, what is the main purpose of the "separation of duties" principle?
135. Which of the following activities is typically performed during the containment phase of an incident response?
136. In the context of Public Key Infrastructure (PKI), what role does a Certificate Authority (CA) play?
137. What is the primary consideration when implementing encryption for data at rest?
138. Which of the following is a characteristic of dynamic application security testing (DAST)?
139. NAC’s posturing capability determines if a system is sufficiently secure and compliant enough to connect to a network. This is a form of what type of access control?
140. What is the main difference between qualitative and quantitative risk assessment?
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141. What is a common method for implementing least privilege access control?
142. Which of the following methods is used to prevent replay attacks?
143. Which of the following practices is essential for preventing session hijacking in web applications?
144. What is a common method for securely erasing data from a solid-state drive (SSD)?
145. Which of the following activities is typically part of the change management process in security operations?
146. What is the primary role of fuzz testing in secure software development?
147. What is the primary purpose of employing containerization in application deployment?
148. In the context of wireless network security, what is the purpose of the 802.1X standard?
149. Which type of analysis involves reviewing application logs to identify security incidents?
150. Which of the following is true regarding secure data sanitization methods?
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151. Which of the following is the best description of a honeypot in a network environment?
152. What is the primary purpose of implementing QoS (Quality of Service) in a network?
153. What is the purpose of remediation tracking in security assessment and testing?
